Egyptian symbols and meanings

The ancient Egypt symbols and concrete pictures were some of the means the Egyptians used to be able to understand and describe their universe.

As many other nations the Egyptians found the animal kingdom full of suitable tools to give life to their thoughts; through the being of animals you could describe features and qualities that were otherwise hard to put to word.

The goddess Sakhmet, who was the goddess of war and destruction, was represented with a lions head to symbolize her savagery. In the world of ancient Egyptian symbols the lion could be an expression of the physical- and majestic power of the king, for instance the ancient Egypt sphinx, who has a lion’s body and a human head.

The lion, the cow, the ram, the falcon, the snake and the crocodile were some of the most important mind-categories used from the animal kingdom in the use of ancient Egypt symbols.

The buds of the lotus flower were a symbol of the renewal of life. It was a central thought with ancient symbols use that life was constantly renewed. Like people renew themselves in their sleep every night, the life giving sun daily sets into the underworld and renew itself in the primitive darkness from which everything arose.

The renewal is completed with the rising of the sun. In ancient Egyptian art the scarab is also often seen rolling the sun in front of it, and with or without the sun the scarab is a symbol of the rising sun.

A large amount of ancient Egypt symbols are also connected with the human body. The land of Egypt was called the Eye of Ra meaning the eye of the sun or the sun god. As an amulet the Eye protected the carrier against dangers.

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Ancient Egyptian Cleopatra

The social status of women in ancient Egypt was not equal to that of the men. However, Egypt has always been famous for its elegant royal queens. Some are famous for their beauty and some others for their significant contributions.

 

There are three different titles, which all could refer to the word 'queen'; Hemet Nesw Weret, which was the king´s Great Royal Wife, next the Mwt Nesw, Mother of the King, and then the king´s other, lesser wives, Hemw Nesw.The Great Royal Wife is often seen depicted beside the king, and was next to him in the hierarchy.

Among the names of ancient queens which are quite lengthy, a few are mentioned below.The most famous of these is none other than the Queen Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt. She inherited the throne at the age of 18 when her father died. She married her brother like many other Egyptian queens and took the charge of the show to lead the nation on her own.

One of the most interesting facts about Cleopatra is that she was the first ruler of her dynasty, consisting of the Ptolemy family, to actually be able to speak the Egyptian language, along with eight others.She was known to be extremely intelligent and cunning. 

 

Her end came when the supporters of her brother and husband realised she was too independent and had to be dethroned. She was then exiled to Syria.

 

 

 

 

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Ancient Egypt Calendar

The ancient Egyptians had a clearly defined timetable civil. The beginning of the year, also called "the opening of the year", was determined by the appearance of the star Sirius and it occurred around June 21 However, because the rising of Sirius is a stellar event, meaning that it occurs every day ¼ 365, the rising of the star do not correspond precisely to the agenda. 

To correct this, the Egyptians introduced an extra month to create a "Great Year" of 384 days every 2 or 3 years. Because of the inaccuracy or inadequacy of this calendar, the new lunar calendar was invented. This new calendar, based on the phases of the moon was 360 days long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each, plus five additional days at the end of the year. 

There were three seasons, each consisting of four months. The months were divided into three weeks of ten days each. The ancient Egyptians began their day with a new sunrise. They divided the day time in twelve hours, numbered from one to twelve years, and the night in another twelve years, numbered from 13 to 24. The times are not all the same length: in the summer hours of the day were longer than the hours of the night, and of course the reverse in winter. 

The sky of ancient Egypt were always clear to measure the passing hours was easy during the day, they used a sundial and night, they used the stars. Later, the Egyptians used water clocks to tell time more accurately than they could with a sundial or the stars. In the original calendar lunar month were numbered corresponding to the only place where they fell in the season while in the new kingdom, they were appointed. 

Dates civilians were usually written as the number of months during the season, followed by the name of the season, then by the number of days in the months and years and finally the rule. When each rule is connected to power would restart the count year. Astronomers throughout ancient times and Middle Ages used the old Egyptian calendar, for his consistency in both the number of days in the month and year did their calculations much easier. 

 However, there was a separate time period in the former kingdom with 320 days a year. Egyptian seasons corresponded with the flooding of the Nile; Akhet (flood season) from June to October, Peret (growing season), from October to February and Shemu (harvest season), February to June Akhet included the month of Thoth, Paophi, and Athyr Khoyak; Tybi of Peret, Mekhir, and Phamenat Pharmuti; Shemu of Pakhons, Payni, Epiphi and BATNA.

The Egyptians noted that (the first reappearance after a period of invisibility) of Serpet heliacal rising after a period of seventy days of invisibility, always came just days before the start of the annual Nile flood. This enabled the ancient Egyptians to predict the coming of the flood. "Akhet" literally means flood. The heliacal rising of Serpet was the beginning of Akhet, and New Year.


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Ancient Egyptian Festivals

The ancient Egyptians loved celebrations. The Egyptians celebrated the festivals main seasons and festivals as celebrated in honor of the reigns of the pharaohs. Egyptian calendar to record birthdays, festivals, celebrations, and holidays. Festivals in ancient Egypt centered on the procession by land and river, and were celebrated the day or series of days in the official year.

Many of these calendars were inscribed on the walls of many temples. The calendars were also written in scrolls and in the archives of the temple. Festival's Calendars list details some of the celebrations, such as the date and what the celebration is and what it is. The festival calendar also contains excellent references for offerings that were required by people associated with events.

They believed that the order and harmony has been achieved through daily care of the gods, which could be through ritualistic rites daily service to a god in a temple or through a multitude of festivals, celebrated on special days throughout the year. There was also the endowments necessary for the exercise of these festivals.

 

 

The ancient Egyptian temple was the center of worship of the local or state god and religious rituals and practices are not public events. High priests, priests of the temple, court officials and sometimes the king participate and have knowledge of temple rituals. Evidence for festivals can be found on the walls of Egyptian temples. 

 Festival schedules or lists of ritual activities were inscribed on the walls and doors of the temples. From the Old Kingdom, the festival calendars also contained explicit references to offers that were required by the deities associated with these events. Especially for large events, the economic support of the king was necessary.

Hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Old Kingdom tomb-chapel elements, especially the architrave, include lists of major festivals focusing on the early, opening late summer floods of year, Thoth festival, first of the year, the festival Wag, Sokar festival, Festival of the great, the flame of the festival procession of Min and sadj festival.

Some holidays are more important than others: New Year's Day, Wag festival, festival Anket, and the Feast of Thuthi. New Year in Egypt was known as WEP-Renpet. The first celebration was the Feast of the New Year. for the ancient Egyptians. New Year's Day was not only the first day of the year, he was also the day rejuvenation and rebirth took place.

 

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Ancient Egyptian Seasons

The Egyptian seasons corresponded with the flooding of the river Nile; Akhet (Flooding season) from June to October, Peret (Growing season),October to February and Shemu (Harvesting season), February to June. 

 

Akhet consisted of the months of Thoth, Paophi, Athyr and Khoyak; Peret of Tybi, Mekhir, Phamenat and Pharmuti; Shemu of Pakhons, Payni, Epiphi and Mesore.

In Ancient Egypt there were three seasons:

Akhet

It was the flooding season from June- September. The water, mud and silt from the river was washed up over the river banks creating a fertile growing area. All the fields were flooded during this time and naturally farming did not take place. Farmers took to other jobs during this season. People went around in boats.

Peret

It was the growing season from October to February. When floods receded, farmers ploughed the soil ready for farming. They had large ploughs pulled by oxen and hand ploughs

Shemu

Shemu was the harvesting season from March to May. The fully grown crops were cut down and removed before the next flooding season. Reapers cut the ripe corn with wooden sickles edged with sharp flints. Women and children followed behind the reapers to collect any fallen ears of corn.

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Ancient Egypt Clocks

The ancient Egypt technology that kept them most organized was definitely their clocks. By casting a shadow from a point standing in the path of the sun, the sundial was the original timekeeper in the world. In ancient Egypt, the earliest form of sundial was the obelisk.

 

 The length and position of a shadow would determine the time of day. Smaller varied versions were eventually developed, particularly in Greece and Rome.Egyptians clocks were much different from ours as well. There were two types of clocks in Ancient Egypt-a water clock and a sundial.

A water clock sounds very complicated, but really it's not. The sundial was basically a circle with numbers written around it with a little stick in the middle. When the stick's shadow fell at a certain number, it was that time.For astronomers and priests time was extremely important and they were responsible for determining the exact hour for the daily rituals and for the important religious festivals.

 

 

 Sundials, which allowed the astronomers and priests to observe the passing of the 12 daylight hours, could not be used to record the 12 night time hours.The ancient Egyptian water clock was a dual purpose instrument. It was utilized to tell time and also keep track of how long a person speaks in the courtroom in speeches. Water clocks were among the earliest timekeepers that did not depend on the observation of celestial bodies. 

 

Some of these clocks were used to determine hours at night, but may have been used in daylight as well.This unique instrument works in a very interesting way because it actually measures time through the water which flows out from small orifice. The bowl which receives the water has markings to denote hours on each side. 

 

 

They were different types of water clocks in ancient Egypt and this basically measured time based on the quantity of water in the bowl. Whenever the level of water was altered, the wheel would turn to indicate an hour of the day had passed. This water clock was utilized during the third century and is not in function today.

 

The only disadvantage to the water clock was that you had to keep refilling it. One big advantage the water clock had over the sundial was you couldn't use the sundial at night and the water clock you could. The water clock allowed the ancient Egyptians to economise on the physical mechanism of telling time. The beauty of the water clock was that it was economical in terms of human effort as well as the space it utilized.